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Author Guidelines

Author Guidelines

These guidelines tell you how to prepare and submit a manuscript to Peer Academics. They apply to every submission, in every discipline the journal covers. Read them together with the Submission Checklist, which you confirm item by item in the submission form, and with Manuscript Structure, which sets out what belongs in each section.

Submitting costs you nothing. Peer Academics charges no article processing charges and no submission fees; see Article Processing Charges.

Before you submit

  • Check that your topic and approach fit the journal, as described in the Aims and Scope.
  • The manuscript must be your own original work, must not have been published before, and must not be under consideration at another journal. Posting your work as a preprint does not disqualify it; see the Publishing Model.
  • Everyone listed as an author must have contributed substantially to the work, approved the submitted version, and agreed to be accountable for it. Anyone who does not meet that standard should be thanked in the acknowledgments instead. The author list cannot be changed after submission without a written explanation signed by all authors; the editor decides whether to accept the change.
  • One author must act as corresponding author. That person handles all communication with the journal, confirms the submission on behalf of the co-authors, and is expected to supply an ORCID iD.
  • If your study involved human participants, personal data, animals, or sensitive fieldwork, obtain the necessary approvals and consents before you submit. You will be asked to describe them.

Article types, length, and abstract

Word counts cover the main text and footnotes. They exclude the title page, abstract, tables, figure captions, reference list, and appendices. Ranges are limits, not targets; a shorter manuscript that does its job is preferred to a padded one. If your manuscript falls outside the range, write to [email protected] before submitting and explain why.

Article typeLengthAbstractReview
Original Research6,000–9,000 wordsStructured, up to 300 wordsAt least two independent reviewers
Review Article6,000–10,000 wordsUnstructured, up to 250 wordsAt least two independent reviewers
Systematic Review6,000–12,000 wordsStructured, up to 300 wordsAt least two independent reviewers
Methods4,000–8,000 wordsStructured, up to 300 wordsAt least two independent reviewers
Case Study3,000–6,000 wordsStructured, up to 300 wordsAt least two independent reviewers
Short Communication2,000–4,000 wordsUnstructured, up to 200 wordsAt least two independent reviewers
Perspective2,000–4,000 wordsUnstructured, up to 200 wordsAt least one independent reviewer; the editor may seek a second
Commentary1,000–2,500 wordsUnstructured, up to 150 wordsEditorial review; not sent for external peer review
EditorialUp to 2,000 wordsNoneEditorial review; normally commissioned

A structured abstract uses the headings Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. Where those headings would misrepresent the work — doctrinal legal analysis, historical, philosophical, or other argument-based scholarship — submit an unstructured abstract of up to 250 words instead and say so in your cover letter. The editor decides which form is published.

Language

Peer Academics publishes in English. Use either American or British spelling, but use one of them consistently throughout the manuscript. Quotations keep the spelling of the source. If English is not your first language, have the manuscript read by a fluent colleague or a language editing service before you submit: the journal does not provide language editing, and an editor may return a manuscript whose language prevents reviewers from assessing the argument.

What you upload

A complete submission consists of the following separate files, uploaded under the matching file type in the submission form:

  1. Anonymous manuscript — the full text, including abstract, keywords, references, tables, figure captions, and appendices, with every identifying detail removed. Accepted formats: DOCX, RTF, or ODT. Do not upload the manuscript as a PDF. If you write in LaTeX, upload a PDF of the anonymous manuscript for review and supply the .tex source and any class files if the manuscript is accepted.
  2. Title page — a separate file containing the identifying information listed below. This file is never shown to reviewers.
  3. Figures — one file per figure, at publication quality. See Figures and Tables.
  4. Supplementary material — optional; questionnaires, coding schemes, interview guides, additional tables. Supplementary files are published as submitted and are not copyedited or typeset.

Name your files by content, not by author or institution: manuscript.docx, title-page.docx, figure-1.tif.

Anonymizing your manuscript

Review at Peer Academics is double-anonymous. Anonymizing the manuscript file is your responsibility, not the editor's. Before you upload it:

  1. Remove all author names and affiliations from the text, the headers and footers, and the abstract.
  2. Remove the acknowledgments, funding statement, grant numbers, and the names of funding bodies.
  3. Remove institutional ethics approval numbers and the name of the approving committee. Write instead: "The study was approved by the research ethics committee of the authors' institution (details withheld for anonymous review)." The full details go on the title page.
  4. Refer to your own earlier work in the third person, exactly as you would to anyone else's: write "As Ionescu (2021) showed" and not "As we showed previously". Do not delete or blind the self-citation; leaving it out distorts the record and makes the reference list inaccurate.
  5. Remove identifying information from the file's document properties (in most word processors: File, then Info or Properties, then remove personal information). Track-changes and comment attributions also identify you — accept or reject all changes and delete all comments.
  6. Check links and file names. A link to a repository record, a personal website, or a shared drive that carries your name identifies you. Where a data or code repository must be cited, use an anonymous review link if the repository offers one, and give the full citation on the title page. See Research Data.

If a manuscript still identifies its authors, it is returned to you for correction before it enters review. Nothing else happens to it in the meantime, so the delay is entirely yours to avoid.

Title page

The title page is a separate, non-anonymous file. It contains the article title; the full name of every author in the agreed order; each author's affiliation at the time the work was done; each author's ORCID iD where available; the corresponding author's email address and postal address; the acknowledgments; the funding statement with grant numbers; the conflict of interest statement; the ethics approval and consent statements in full; and the data availability statement. The same identifying information must also be entered in the submission metadata in the journal system, because that metadata — not the title page — is what is used to publish the article.

Text formatting

  • Single column, double-spaced, 12-point serif font, with margins of at least 2.5 cm.
  • Continuous line numbers and page numbers. Reviewers refer to them.
  • No more than three levels of heading, numbered or unnumbered but used consistently.
  • Use footnotes for substantive remarks only, and use them sparingly. Source citations belong in the text in APA form, not in the footnotes. Legal scholarship follows the same rule: a substantive footnote may discuss a provision, but the citation itself is given as described in Referencing Style.
  • Set equations with the word processor's equation editor or in LaTeX; do not paste them as images. Number displayed equations consecutively in parentheses at the right margin, and refer to them as Equation (1).
  • Define every abbreviation at first use in the abstract and again at first use in the main text.
  • Report units in the International System of Units (SI). Give statistics in the form your discipline expects, with exact p values, effect sizes, and confidence intervals where they apply.

Declarations

Every submission carries a Declarations section immediately before the reference list, covering author contributions, funding, conflicts of interest, ethics approval and consent, the use of generative artificial intelligence, and data availability. In the anonymous manuscript these declarations appear in anonymized form; the full versions go on the title page. Manuscript Structure gives the required content of each.

References

Peer Academics uses APA 7th edition for all article types and all disciplines, including legal scholarship. Every in-text citation must have a matching reference list entry and every reference list entry must be cited in the text. Full rules and worked examples, including legislation and case law, are in Referencing Style.

After you submit

An editor screens the manuscript for scope, completeness, anonymization, and compliance with these guidelines, normally within two weeks. Manuscripts that pass screening are sent for review; a first decision normally follows within ten weeks of submission, though this depends on reviewer availability. You will be told if it will take longer. Decisions are taken by an editor, who may accept, request minor or major revisions, or reject; reviewers advise but do not decide. If you are invited to revise, you submit the revised manuscript with a point-by-point response to each reviewer comment. Accepted manuscripts are copyedited and typeset, and you check the proof for errors; the proof stage is not an opportunity to rewrite the article.

If your manuscript does not meet these requirements

A submission that is out of scope, is not anonymized, lacks a title page, is far outside the length range for its type, has an unusable reference list, or is missing required declarations is returned to you without review, with a note saying what to fix. You may resubmit the corrected manuscript; it keeps no priority from the earlier attempt. Repeated failure to correct the same problem may lead the editor to decline the manuscript.

Questions

Editorial questions, including presubmission inquiries about scope, go to [email protected]. Problems with the website, with uploading files, or with your account go to [email protected]. How the journal handles your personal data is described in the Privacy Statement; data protection requests go to [email protected].

Submission Preparation Checklist

Submission Checklist

You confirm each of the following items in the submission form. Ticking an item is a statement that it is true of the manuscript you are uploading; the editor relies on it. A submission whose checklist does not match what was actually uploaded is returned to you without review. If you cannot confirm an item, do not submit — write to [email protected] and explain the situation first.

  1. The manuscript is original, has not been published before, and is not under consideration by another journal. If it exists as a preprint, I have said so in the comments to the editor and given the preprint's location.
  2. The work falls within the journal's Aims and Scope, and I have chosen the correct article type for it.
  3. The manuscript file is in DOCX, RTF, or ODT format (or, for LaTeX submissions, a PDF of the anonymous manuscript), is double-spaced in a 12-point serif font, and carries continuous line numbers and page numbers.
  4. The manuscript is anonymized: author names, affiliations, acknowledgments, funding statements and grant numbers, and institutional ethics approval numbers have been removed from the text, the headers and footers, and the file's document properties; my own earlier work is cited in the third person; and no link, file name, or comment attribution identifies me or my co-authors.
  5. A separate title page file is uploaded, containing the title, all authors in the agreed order with their affiliations and ORCID iDs, the corresponding author's contact details, and the full acknowledgments, funding, conflict of interest, ethics, and data availability statements.
  6. The names, affiliations, email addresses, and ORCID iDs of all authors are entered in the submission metadata in the correct order, not only on the title page.
  7. The manuscript includes a title, an abstract of the form and length required for its article type, and four to eight keywords, and it follows the order of sections set out in Manuscript Structure.
  8. The manuscript is within the word range for its article type, or I have the editor's written agreement to exceed it.
  9. All references are formatted in APA 7th edition, as described in Referencing Style. Every in-text citation has a reference list entry, every entry is cited in the text, and DOIs or stable URLs are given where they exist.
  10. Tables are in the manuscript file as editable text, not as images. Figures are uploaded as separate files at the resolution required by Figures and Tables, are numbered in order of first mention, and each has a caption and alternative text.
  11. I hold written permission for every figure, table, image, or extended quotation reproduced or adapted from another source, and the permission covers open-access online publication. The source is credited in the caption.
  12. The manuscript contains a Declarations section covering author contributions, funding, conflicts of interest, ethics approval and participant consent (or a statement that none was required), any use of generative artificial intelligence, and data availability.
  13. The manuscript contains a Data Availability Statement using one of the wordings given in Research Data, and any data, code, or materials I have deposited are accessible to reviewers without revealing my identity.
  14. All named authors meet the journal's authorship criteria, have seen and approved the submitted version, and have agreed to its submission to Peer Academics. No one who meets the criteria has been left out, and no one who does not meet them has been included.
  15. I have read the Author Guidelines and the Privacy Statement, and I understand that Peer Academics charges no submission fee and no article processing charge at any stage.

Articles

Section default policy

Privacy Statement

Who is responsible for your data

The controller of personal data processed through peeracademics.com is the Publisher of Peer Academics:

ControllerAsociația Societatea Studenților din Uniunea Europeană (EUSS)
Legal formAssociation without patrimonial purpose ("asociație fără scop patrimonial") under Romanian law
RegistrationJudecătoria Sectorului 6 București, 4 December 2023 — Certificat de înscriere a persoanei juridice fără scop patrimonial nr. 188 of 4 December 2023, dosar nr. 20020/303/2023; Registrul special nr. 138 of 4 December 2023
Fiscal codeCIF 49366625, attributed by ANAF on 8 January 2024
Registered seatStr. Arieșul Mare nr. 3, bl. I 10, sc. 5, parter, ap. 63, cam. 1, Sector 6, București, România
Data protection contact[email protected]

This notice covers the journal website and the Open Journal Systems installation that runs it. It does not cover other websites you reach from here, including repositories, ORCID, and authors' own pages, each of which has its own notice.

What personal data the journal processes

  • Account data. Your name, username, email address, a hashed password, and whatever you choose to add to your profile: affiliation, country, ORCID iD, reviewing interests, biography, and notification settings. You cannot submit or review without an account.
  • Submission records. The manuscript and its files, the title page with author names, affiliations, and contact details, the submission metadata, your declarations on funding, conflicts of interest, ethics approval, consent, and the use of generative tools, and all correspondence about the submission. This includes personal data about your co-authors that you supply.
  • Review records. Reviewer identity, invitations, acceptances and declines, reports, recommendations, uploaded files, and dates. Review is double-anonymous: authors are not shown reviewer identities, and reviewers are not shown author identities.
  • Editorial records. Decisions, editor notes, and records of ethics or misconduct inquiries under Misconduct Investigations.
  • Published metadata. Author names, affiliations, ORCID iDs, and the article itself. See the separate warning below.
  • Technical data. Server logs recording IP address, date and time, requested address, response status, referring page, and browser identification; error logs; and records of sign-in attempts.
  • Correspondence. Email you send to the journal's addresses, and the delivery records of email the system sends you.

The journal does not ask for special categories of data. Do not put health information, data revealing political or religious views, or similar material into correspondence or profile fields. Personal data inside your research materials is your responsibility as a researcher; see Research Data and Informed Consent.

When you name a co-author or suggest a reviewer, you are giving the journal someone else's personal data. Do so only where you are entitled to, and tell that person you have done it.

Why the journal processes it, and on what legal basis

PurposeLegal basis (GDPR Article 6)
Creating and operating your account; receiving, screening, reviewing, deciding on, and publishing your submission(1)(b) — steps taken at your request and performance of the publishing arrangement between you and the Publisher
Administering peer review, including inviting and corresponding with reviewers(1)(f) — the legitimate interest of the Publisher, authors, and readers in independent quality control of scholarly work
Screening submissions with similarity-detection software. Any such service acts only on the Publisher's instructions.(1)(f) — legitimate interest in the integrity of the published record
Publishing the article and its metadata, and keeping it available permanently(1)(b) and (1)(f) — the integrity and permanence of the scholarly record
Investigating and recording allegations of misconduct, and issuing corrections or retractions(1)(f), and (1)(c) where a legal obligation applies
Keeping the site secure and available; preventing and investigating abuse(1)(f) — legitimate interest in the security of the service
Sending announcements or other optional messages you have asked for(1)(a) — your consent, which you may withdraw at any time
Complying with Romanian and EU law, and responding to lawful requests from authorities(1)(c)

Where processing rests on legitimate interests, you may object under Article 21; see your rights below.

Published author data is public and permanent

This is the part authors most often overlook. When an article is published, the author names, affiliations, and ORCID iDs in its metadata become public, machine-readable, and permanent. They are displayed on the site, exposed through the journal's OAI-PMH interface, and copied by search engines, harvesters, and readers, beyond the journal's control. Publication is by design an act of making information public.

The practical consequences:

  • Author metadata cannot be erased on request. Article 17(3)(d) of the GDPR permits the Publisher to refuse erasure where processing is necessary for archiving in the public interest and for scientific purposes; the scholarly record is such a case.
  • The corresponding author's email address is published only if you agree to it. Tell the editor before acceptance if you would rather it were not shown.
  • Name changes are honored without a public notice. If you change your name, write to [email protected]; the journal will update the name on the article, in the metadata, and in your account, and will not publish a correction notice drawing attention to the change or require you to explain the reason.
  • Factual errors in your published name or affiliation are corrected on request.

Who has access to your data

  • Editors and editorial staff handling your submission.
  • Reviewers, who receive the anonymized manuscript and its files, and not your identity.
  • Copyeditors, typesetters, and proofreaders working on accepted articles.
  • Service providers acting as processors on the Publisher's instructions under Article 28 contracts: the hosting provider, the email provider, and the similarity-detection service.
  • The public, for published articles and their metadata only.
  • Authorities, where the Publisher is legally required to disclose.

The Publisher does not sell personal data, does not rent or share mailing lists, and does not disclose the existence or content of an unpublished submission to anyone outside the editorial process.

Transfers outside the European Economic Area

Scholarship is international: an editor or a reviewer handling your manuscript may be located anywhere in the world, and sending them the manuscript is a transfer. Where a recipient is outside the EEA, the Publisher relies on an Article 46 safeguard where one is available, and otherwise on Article 49(1)(b), the transfer being necessary to handle the submission you made. Processors outside the EEA are engaged only under Standard Contractual Clauses or another Chapter V mechanism.

How long data is kept

DataRetention
Account dataWhile the account exists. You may ask for it to be closed and deleted at any time.
Rejected or withdrawn submissions and their review recordsA limited period after the final decision — long enough to answer an appeal or an allegation about the work — and then deleted.
Published articles and their metadataPermanently, as the scholarly record.
Review and editorial records for published articlesKept for as long as the article is published, so that questions about how it was handled can be answered.
Misconduct investigation filesKept for as long as the Publisher needs them to defend or explain the outcome.
Server and security logsA limited period, normally no longer than twelve months.
BackupsDeleted on the backup rotation schedule; a deletion from the live system reaches the backups when the affected backups expire.

Your rights

Under the GDPR you may ask for access to your personal data, rectification of inaccurate data, erasure, restriction of processing, portability of data you provided, and you may object to processing based on legitimate interests. Where processing rests on consent, you may withdraw it at any time without affecting what was done beforehand.

Write to [email protected], or on paper to the registered seat above. You will receive a reply within one month, extendable by two further months for complex requests, in which case you will be told before the first month is out. You may be asked to confirm your identity where the request concerns data not obviously connected to the address you write from.

Two limits apply, and they are stated so that you are not surprised by them. An access request will not disclose the identity of a reviewer, because that is another person's data and disclosing it would breach the confidentiality on which review depends. And erasure does not extend to published articles and their author metadata, or to records the Publisher needs in order to establish or defend a legal claim.

If you are not satisfied, you may complain to the Romanian supervisory authority, the Autoritatea Națională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP), whose contact details are published on its website, or to the supervisory authority of the EU country where you live or work.

Cookies and tracking

The site uses only technically necessary cookies. These are a session cookie set by the journal system so that you stay signed in and your submission form is not lost between pages, and a preference cookie recording choices such as interface language. Nothing else is stored on your device.

Peer Academics runs no advertising, no advertising network, no third-party analytics, no social-media pixels, and no cross-site trackers. Any usage statistics the journal compiles are produced on its own server from its own logs; no visitor data is passed to an analytics company. Because the cookies used are strictly necessary to provide a service you have requested, no consent banner is displayed, as permitted under Romanian law transposing the ePrivacy Directive (Law no. 506/2004). You may block or delete cookies in your browser; if you block them you can still read everything on the site, but you will not be able to sign in, submit, or review.

Automated decisions, security, and age

No decision about your manuscript is made automatically. Similarity-detection output is read by an editor and never applied mechanically; see Plagiarism and Text Recycling. There is no profiling.

The site is served over HTTPS, passwords are stored hashed, and access to submissions is limited to the people whose role in the process requires it. If a personal data breach occurs, the Publisher will notify ANSPDCP within 72 hours where the GDPR requires it, and will inform affected people where the breach is likely to result in a high risk to them.

Accounts are for people aged 16 or over. The journal does not knowingly process the data of children.

Changes to this notice

When this notice changes, the new version is published on this page. Changes that materially affect how your data is processed will be announced to registered users. Questions about anything above go to [email protected].